High-interest credit card bills can be both costy and irritating.At first it seems to make sense that if you have a healthy 401 (k) retirement plan with a decent balance to use that money to pay off some of the balance on your credit card bills. When you do this you don't get your credit checked and you are basically paying yourself off with interest anyways. These type of loans can have some benefits but are they enough to outweigh the cost? What is the cost you ask? You are removing retirement money that could be growing and gaining interest in your account. It is something that should not be taken lightly and requires some serious weighing of costs vs benefits. It is an adult decision.
Many 401(k) plans have rules for borrowing, here they are laid down plain and simple for you. Some plans however don't allow borrowing so make sure yours does and that it isn't just for specific purposes such as education, home eviction evasion, buying your first home or medical expenses.
Other features to check on:
--How much can you
borrow? Generally loans will be allowed for up to half of the account
balance or $50,000, whichever is less. These are thresholds set by the
IRS.
--Period of repayment. IRS rules require loans to be repaid
in less than five years unless it's for a home loan and then it could
be extended to 10 years or longer. The IRS requires the loan to be
repaid in equal payments, at least quarterly, over the life of the
loan. If the guidelines are not met, the loan may be considered an
early distribution, taxed and assessed a 10 percent penalty.
--Payment
schedule. Payments will be taken directly from your paycheck, so before
you consider taking the loan, be sure it won't pinch your cash flow. If
you're married, some plans may require your spouse to sign a consent
form. It's not co-signing for the loan, but giving permission for the
borrowing.
--Interest rate. Interest will be charged, but it's
usually lower than commercial loans. Most plans use the prime rate plus
1 or 2 percent to set the rate. The prime rate is currently at 3.25
percent, meaning a 401(k) loan rate would be around 4 to 5 percent,
depending on your plan. Bank loans average between 7 percent and 16
percent in New York, depending on the lender.
OTHER POINTS TO CONSIDER
Although
you're repaying the loan plus interest to yourself, it's costing you
money to borrow against your retirement fund. That's because the
interest you're paying on the loan is less than what you're money would
be earning in the market. Besides, you're just paying the interest to
yourself, rather than getting additional investment income from an
outside source.
You can find out exactly how much a loan will cost you by using a calculator here:
http://www.bankrate.com/calculators/retirement/borrow-from-401k-calculator.aspx
If you fail to repay the loan, the money is taxed and penalized. A loan that was originally only $11,000 assuming the interest rate is average and everything else is in order, it will cost the original loanee around $63,000. This is because the IRS considers an unpaid 401(k) loan an early distribution. Money taken out before the age of 59 1/2 is taxesd as regular income in addition to a 10% penalty. You'll also owe state income taxes on it.
If you lose your job by choice or by layoff before the loan is paid off, you will probably be required to repay the loan in it its entirety within 60 days or it will be taxes and penalized as shown above. Think about how long you plan on having your current job, this loan is up to five years, and if you don't want to stay at your job for that long, the loan might not be the best option for you, or you may have to pay the pentalties.
WHERE TO GET DETAILS
Your employer must have a
Summary Plan Description for the 401(k) and must provide you a copy
when requested. The SPD is a document that lists all the details of the
plan including rules regarding loans. Ask the plan administrator at
your workplace for the SPD.
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